A well established body of democratic theory suggests that associations are the schools of democracy and, because they produce civic and active citizens,are vital to the quality of democracy. In this paper, we find that this may not be the case in new democracies with authoritarian legacies.

Due to copyright restrictions, we can only share the first three pages of this chapter online. The book can be ordered from Zed Books at www.zedbooks.co.uk/citizenship or purchased at the IDS bookstore.

Water is uniquely and fundamentally essential for all aspects of life, well-being and productivity. It is also the lifeblood of ecosystems, essential for many eco-hydrological functions. For poor people, access to clean and affordable water is a prerequisite for achieving a minimum standard of health and undertaking productive activities. However, it is estimated that 1.1 billion people lack access to safe water, and almost 2.5 billion people – 40 per cent of the world’s population – lack access to adequate sanitation...

Due to copyright restrictions, we can only share the first three pages of this chapter online. The book can be ordered from Zed Books at www.zedbooks.co.uk/citizenship or purchased at the IDS bookstore.