This paper provides insights from initiatives that include transgender people in sanitation programming in South Asia. Three case studies of recent actions to make sanitation inclusive for transgender people (in India and Nepal) are presented, accompanied by reflections and recommendations to guide future practice.

Practitioners are recommended to:

• Engage with transgender people as partners at all stages of an initiative
• Recognise that the language of gender identity is not fixed, varying across cultures and between generations
• Acknowledge that transgender people are not a single homogeneous group but rather have diverse identities, histories, and priorities.

The case studies aim to raise awareness of the diversity of transgender identities, exploring the needs and aspirations of transgender women, transgender men, and third gender people in South Asia.