An update from the second year of SEED Madgascar's Project Malio in Port Dauphin, Madagascar.

Project Malio adopts a hybrid version of the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach; combining subsidies for the poorest and most vulnerable in society with triggering style events, and an extended household education and follow-up programme to ensure beneficiaries remain open defecation free (ODF). These activities have run alongside extensive sanitation and hygiene education across the town’s public schools and in-depth training and capacity building sessions for local organisations working towards improving sanitation and waste management issues. Providing subsidies alongside more participatory grassroots activities has enabled SEED to access the community’s most vulnerable and has ensured that infrastructure meets required standards, however it has presented several challenges surrounding the implementation and long-term sustainability of project activities. We hope that our learning documents can contribute to the broader discussions of implementing sanitation and hygiene projects within challenging contexts.