This paper describes iDE's approach to mainstreaming equity and inclusion within its market-based approach from the beginning of a programme and not as an afterthought. The paper focuses on two separate strategies aimed at increasing access and equity among different groups. The first is the use of financial tools to increase access for very poor consumers in Bangladesh and Cambodia. The second part of the paper focuses on iDE's user-centred design approach and experimentation with new construction technologies in constructing a latrine shelter for disabled users.

The World Bank Group’s Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) provides technical assistance to support the development of government institutions and capacity building, sector policies and strategies in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) sector in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Following a Water and Sanitation Service Deliver Assessment that identified serious bottlenecks and a lack of clarity around the roles and responsibilities in the PNG WaSH sector, WSP supported the rural WaSH Policy Task Force to develop a National Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Policy which was approved in January 2015.

Child height is an important indicator of human capital and human development, in large part because early life health and net nutrition shape both child height and adult economic productivity and health. Between 2005 and 2010, the average height of children under 5 in Cambodia significantly increased. What contributed to this improvement? Recent evidence suggests that exposure to poor sanitation - and specifically to widespread open defecation - can pose a critical threat to child growth. We closely analyze the sanitation height gradient in Cambodia in these two years.