Since 2017, SNV and the Government of Tanzania have been implementing the Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All (SSH4A) programme in eight Tanzanian districts. To date, the number of households that use toilets has increased to 90%. In the period March–April 2019, SNV Tanzania undertook a household survey in the eight project districts to identify the 10% of households still practising open defecation (OD) or sharing toilets despite the concerted government and SNV sanitation interventions.

Emotional demonstrations (emo-demos) are used in behaviour-centred design to trigger behaviour changes, such as handwashing with soap, by creating disgust and shame. This eight-page case study presents the emo-demo for triggering behaviour changes at vaccination centres, which were found to be ideal places to raise awareness of the importance of washing hands with soap among pregnant women, mothers and caregivers.

In 2017-2018, the Institute for Sustainable Futures - University of Technology Sydney (ISF-UTS) conducted research on SNV’s experience of striving to reach all through the Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All (SSH4A) programme in rural areas across five of the 15 countries in which SSH4A is being implemented: Bhutan, Nepal, Cambodia, Zambia and Tanzania.